Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Chukwuma M[original query] |
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COVID-19 infection and incident diabetes in American Indian and Alaska Native people: a retrospective cohort study
Keck JW , Lacy ME , Bressler S , Blake I , Chukwuma U , Bruce MG . Lancet Reg Health Am 2024 33 100727 BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests an increased risk of new-onset diabetes following COVID-19 infection. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people were disparately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and historically have had higher diabetes incidence than other racial/ethnic groups in the US. We measured the association between COVID-19 infection and incident diabetes in AI/AN people. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using de-identified patient data from the Indian Health Service's (IHS) National Patient Information Reporting System. We estimated age-adjusted diabetes incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and adjusted hazard ratios among three cohorts spanning pre-pandemic (1/1/2018-2/28/2020) and pandemic (3/1/2020-12/31/2021) timeframes: 1) pre-pandemic cohort (1,503,085 individuals); 2) no-COVID-19 pandemic cohort (1,344,339 individuals); and 3) COVID-19 cohort (176,483 individuals). FINDINGS: The COVID-19 cohort had an increased hazard of diabetes compared to the no-COVID-19 group (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.50-1.62) and the pre-pandemic group (aHR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.22-1.32). The association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset diabetes was stronger in those with severe COVID-19 illness. A sensitivity analysis comparing the COVID-19 cohort to members of other cohorts that had acute upper respiratory infections showed an attenuated but higher risk of new-onset diabetes in those with COVID-19. INTERPRETATION: AI/AN people diagnosed with COVID-19 had an elevated risk of a new diabetes diagnosis when compared to the no-COVID-19 group and the pre-pandemic group. The increased diabetes risk in the COVID-19 group remained in a sensitivity analysis that limited the comparator groups to individuals with an AURI diagnosis. FUNDING: US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. |
Trends in otitis media ambulatory visits in American Indian and Alaska native children during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine period and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bressler SS , Bruden D , Hammitt LL , Chukwuma U , Fischer M , Singleton R . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024 Otitis media-associated outpatient visits among American Indians/Alaska Natives children aged <5 years decreased by 52% (100 to 48 per 100 children per year) from 2003 to 2019. Otitis media visits decreased by another 50% from 2019 to 2020, but rebounded between 2020 and 2021 back to a rate similar to 2019. |
Nigeria's public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic: January to May 2020.
Dan-Nwafor C , Ochu CL , Elimian K , Oladejo J , Ilori E , Umeokonkwo C , Steinhardt L , Igumbor E , Wagai J , Okwor T , Aderinola O , Mba N , Hassan A , Dalhat M , Jinadu K , Badaru S , Arinze C , Jafiya A , Disu Y , Saleh F , Abubakar A , Obiekea C , Yinka-Ogunleye A , Naidoo D , Namara G , Muhammad S , Ipadeola O , Ofoegbunam C , Ogunbode O , Akatobi C , Alagi M , Yashe R , Crawford E , Okunromade O , Aniaku E , Mba S , Agogo E , Olugbile M , Eneh C , Ahumibe A , Nwachukwu W , Ibekwe P , Adejoro OO , Ukponu W , Olayinka A , Okudo I , Aruna O , Yusuf F , Alex-Okoh M , Fawole T , Alaka A , Muntari H , Yennan S , Atteh R , Balogun M , Waziri N , Ogunniyi A , Ebhodaghe B , Lokossou V , Abudulaziz M , Adebiyi B , Abayomi A , Abudus-Salam I , Omilabu S , Lawal L , Kawu M , Muhammad B , Tsanyawa A , Soyinka F , Coker T , Alabi O , Joannis T , Dalhatu I , Swaminathan M , Salako B , Abubakar I , Fiona B , Nguku P , Aliyu SH , Ihekweazu C . J Glob Health 2020 10 (2) 020399 The novel coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] was first reported in December 2019 by Chinese Health Authorities following an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, Hubei Province [2,3]. SARS-CoV-2 is likely of zoonotic origin, similar to SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and transmitted between humans through respiratory droplets and fomites. Since its emergence, it has rapidly spread globally [4]. |
SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members - USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020.
Payne DC , Smith-Jeffcoat SE , Nowak G , Chukwuma U , Geibe JR , Hawkins RJ , Johnson JA , Thornburg NJ , Schiffer J , Weiner Z , Bankamp B , Bowen MD , MacNeil A , Patel MR , Deussing E , CDC COVID-19 Surge Laboratory Group , Tiller Rebekah , Galloway Rene , Rogers Shannon , Whitaker Brett , Kondas Ashley , Smith Peyton , Lee Christopher , Graziano James , Gillingham BL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (23) 714-721 Compared with the volume of data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks among older adults, relatively few data are available concerning COVID-19 in younger, healthy persons in the United States (1,2). In late March 2020, the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt arrived at port in Guam after numerous U.S. service members onboard developed COVID-19. In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. The outbreak was characterized by widespread transmission with relatively mild symptoms and asymptomatic infection among this sample of mostly young, healthy adults with close, congregate exposures. Service members who reported taking preventive measures had a lower infection rate than did those who did not report taking these measures (e.g., wearing a face covering, 55.8% versus 80.8%; avoiding common areas, 53.8% versus 67.5%; and observing social distancing, 54.7% versus 70.0%, respectively). The presence of neutralizing antibodies, which represent antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2, among the majority (59.2%) of those with antibody responses is a promising indicator of at least short-term immunity. This report improves the understanding of COVID-19 in the U.S. military and among young adults in congregate settings and reinforces the importance of preventive measures to lower risk for infection in similar environments. |
Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks - Democratic Republic of the Congo and Horn of Africa, 2017-2018.
Mbaeyi C , Alleman MM , Ehrhardt D , Wiesen E , Burns CC , Liu H , Ewetola R , Seakamela L , Mdodo R , Ndoutabe M , Wenye PK , Riziki Y , Borus P , Kamugisha C , Wassilak SGF . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (9) 225-230 Widespread use of live attenuated (Sabin) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication (1). However, in underimmunized populations, extensive person-to-person transmission of Sabin poliovirus can result in genetic reversion to neurovirulence and paralytic vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) disease (1). This report updates (as of February 26, 2019) previous reports on circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks during 2017-2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in Somalia, which experienced a concurrent cVDPV type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreak* (2,3). In DRC, 42 cases have been reported in four cVDPV2 outbreaks; paralysis onset in the most recent case was October 7, 2018 (2). Challenges to interrupting transmission have included delays in outbreak-response supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and difficulty reaching children in all areas. In Somalia, cVDPV2 and cVDPV3 were detected in sewage before the detection of paralytic cases (3). Twelve type 2 and type 3 cVDPV cases have been confirmed; the most recent paralysis onset dates were September 2 (cVDPV2) and September 7, 2018 (cVDPV3). The primary challenge to interrupting transmission is the residence of >300,000 children in areas that are inaccessible for vaccination activities. For both countries, longer periods of surveillance are needed before interruption of cVDPV transmission can be inferred. |
Strategic Response to an Outbreak of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 - Syria, 2017-2018.
Mbaeyi C , Wadood ZM , Moran T , Ather F , Stehling-Ariza T , Nikulin J , Al Safadi M , Iber J , Zomahoun L , Abourshaid N , Pang H , Collins N , Asghar H , Butt OUI , Burns CC , Ehrhardt D , Sharaf M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (24) 690-694 Since the 1988 inception of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), progress toward interruption of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission has occurred mostly through extensive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in mass vaccination campaigns and through routine immunization services (1,2). However, because OPV contains live, attenuated virus, it carries the rare risk for reversion to neurovirulence. In areas with very low OPV coverage, prolonged transmission of vaccine-associated viruses can lead to the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), which can cause outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis. Although WPV type 2 has not been detected since 1999, and was declared eradicated in 2015,* most VDPV outbreaks have been attributable to VDPV serotype 2 (VDPV2) (3,4). After the synchronized global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV) (containing vaccine virus types 1, 2, and 3) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) (types 1 and 3) in April 2016 (5), GPEI regards any VDPV2 emergence as a public health emergency (6,7). During May-June 2017, VDPV2 was isolated from stool specimens from two children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Deir-ez-Zor governorate, Syria. The first isolate differed from Sabin vaccine virus by 22 nucleotides in the VP1 coding region (903 nucleotides). Genetic sequence analysis linked the two cases, confirming an outbreak of circulating VDPV2 (cVDPV2). Poliovirus surveillance activities were intensified, and three rounds of vaccination campaigns, aimed at children aged <5 years, were conducted using monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2). During the outbreak, 74 cVDPV2 cases were identified; the most recent occurred in September 2017. Evidence indicates that enhanced surveillance measures coupled with vaccination activities using mOPV2 have interrupted cVDPV2 transmission in Syria. |
Progress towards poliomyelitis eradication: Afghanistan, January 2014-August 2015
Chukwuma M , Saatcioglu A , Tangermann RH , Hadler S , Ehrhardt D . Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2015 90 (43) 581-8 Despite recent progress towards global polio eradication, endemic transmission of wild poliovirus type 1 | (WPV1) continues in Afghanistan and Pakistan.1, 2 The Afghanistan programme will need to overcome many | challenges to remain on track towards achieving the | objectives set in the 2013–2018 Strategic Plan of the | Global Polio Eradication Initiative.3 | Cross-border | transmission of WPV1 continues to occur to and from | Pakistan.4 | The country’s routine immunization system | remains weak and unable to reach recommended | benchmarks in most regions; hence, the national Polio | Eradication Initiative relies mainly on targeting children aged <5 years with supplementary oral polio | vaccine (OPV) immunization activities (SIAs). Due to | ongoing conflict and insecurity, some children continue | to be missed during SIAs in areas that are not under | government control; however, the majority of children | are still missed during SIAs in accessible areas, due to | failure to plan, implement and supervise efficient SIAs. |
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